Creating a matrix with simple algebra

Hi Jack,

You can refer my code below, it can help you on your concern.
The first thing you should do is copy your table into sheet1, then add a button and add my code into the button-->click button and see your result is in sheet2. Hope can help.

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
Dim RowIndex, ColunmIndex, max As Integer
max = 5
For ColunmIndex = 2 To max + 1
For RowIndex = max To 1 Step -1
If RowIndex > ColunmIndex - 1 Then
Sheets("Sheet2").Range(Split(Cells(1, ColunmIndex).Address, "$")(1) & Trim(Str(RowIndex + 1))).Value = _
Sheets("Sheet1").Range(Split(Cells(1, 2).Address, "$")(1) & Trim(Str(ColunmIndex - 1))).Value - _
Sheets("Sheet1").Range(Split(Cells(1, 2).Address, "$")(1) & Trim(Str(RowIndex))).Value
Else
Sheets("Sheet2").Range(Split(Cells(1, ColunmIndex).Address, "$")(1) & Trim(Str(RowIndex + 1))).Value = "x"
End If
Next RowIndex

Next ColunmIndex
End Sub

More information, if you have 300 rows, then you can change the max to 300.

How does this work on a copy your Workbook?
Sheet2 needs to be there and empty.

Sub Transfer_To_Sheet2()
Dim lr As Long, j As Long, i As Long, k As Long, ii As Long, y As Long, x As Long
lr = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
With Sheets("Sheet2")
.Range("A2").Resize(lr - 1).Value = Range("A2:A" & lr).Value
.Range("B1").Resize(, lr - 1).Value = Application.Transpose(Range("A2:A" & lr).Value)
k = 2
    For j = 2 To lr
        For i = 2 To lr
            .Cells(i, j).Value = Cells(k, 2).Value - Cells(i, 2).Value
        Next i
        k = k + 1
    Next j
    
    x = 2
    y = 0
        Do
            For ii = x To lr
                .Cells(2 + y, ii).Value = "x"
            Next ii
                x = x + 1
                y = y + 1
        Loop Until y = lr
End With
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub